Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) is primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and edema (fluid retention). As a diuretic, it works by helping the kidneys remove excess sodium and water from the body, which reduces the volume of blood and helps lower blood pressure. It is commonly prescribed to manage high blood pressure, either on its own or in combination with other antihypertensive medications. Additionally, hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat edema associated with conditions like heart failure, kidney disease, or liver disease, by reducing swelling and fluid buildup in the body. The medication is also sometimes used to manage calcium kidney stones by reducing the amount of calcium in the urine.
Common side effects include dizziness, headache, low potassium levels (hypokalemia), and increased urination. More serious side effects can include dehydration, gout attacks, and electrolyte imbalances.
An overdose of hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) can result in severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and dangerously low blood pressure (hypotension). Symptoms may include severe dizziness, fainting, rapid or irregular heartbeat, excessive thirst, nausea, confusion, and muscle cramps or weakness, often due to low potassium levels. In more severe cases, an overdose can lead to kidney problems, gout attacks, or even shock from significant fluid loss. If an overdose is suspected, immediate medical attention is essential. Treatment generally involves replenishing fluids and electrolytes, particularly potassium and sodium, and monitoring vital signs. Hospitalization may be required for intravenous fluids and more intensive care, emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring of blood pressure and electrolyte levels during treatment with hydrochlorothiazide to avoid these serious complications.