Niacin (Vitamin B3) is commonly used to manage cholesterol levels by lowering LDL and triglycerides while raising HDL, and is often part of a treatment plan for cardiovascular conditions. It is also used to treat pellagra, a niacin deficiency disease, and to improve skin health, particularly for conditions like acne. Additionally, niacin supports energy metabolism, improves blood circulation, and may help prevent heart disease by reducing risk factors like high cholesterol.
Niacin should be used with caution, especially in individuals with liver disease, as it can cause liver toxicity at high doses. Regular liver function tests are recommended for those taking niacin long-term. It can also increase blood sugar levels, so people with diabetes or at risk for diabetes should monitor their blood sugar closely. Niacin may cause flushing and skin irritation, which can be minimized by starting with lower doses. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should use niacin only if absolutely necessary and under medical supervision, as it may not be safe in high doses during these periods. Additionally, niacin may interact with other medications, such as statins, blood pressure medications, and blood thinners, which could increase the risk of side effects.