Is primarily used to treat conditions caused by excess stomach acid. It is commonly prescribed for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), where it helps reduce acid reflux, alleviating symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and regurgitation of acid or food into the esophagus. Omeprazole is also used to treat peptic ulcers in the stomach and upper intestine, promoting healing by reducing stomach acid. In cases of Helicobacter pylori infection, which can cause ulcers, omeprazole is used as part of combination therapy with antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Additionally, it is prescribed for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a rare condition that results in excessive stomach acid production due to tumors, and for erosive esophagitis, which involves inflammation and damage to the esophagus caused by acid reflux. By decreasing stomach acid, omeprazole helps manage and heal these acid-related conditions.
Common side effects include headache, nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Long-term use can lead to a deficiency in vitamin B12, magnesium, and calcium, as well as an increased risk of bone fractures.
Omeprazole should be used with caution in individuals with liver disease, as it can affect liver function. It may also increase the risk of certain infections like Clostridium difficile and pneumonia when used long-term. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and avoid taking it for longer than recommended without medical supervision. Omeprazole can interact with other medications, including clopidogrel, reducing its effectiveness, and may also interfere with drugs that require an acidic environment for absorption, such as certain antifungals and HIV medications.
An overdose of omeprazole (brand name Prilosec) can lead to symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, headache, and blurred vision. In more severe cases, it can cause fast or irregular heartbeat and severe diarrhea. Although an omeprazole overdose is rarely life-threatening, it is important to seek immediate medical attention. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms, as there is no specific antidote for the overdose. Medical care may include the use of activated charcoal to absorb the drug if the overdose was recent and intravenous fluids to help maintain hydration and support organ function. Close monitoring is essential to prevent or address any serious complications.