Telmisartan (Micardis) is primarily used for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension), helping to lower and manage blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels. This reduces the risk of complications associated with hypertension, such as stroke, heart attack, and kidney damage. Telmisartan is also used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients at high risk, including those with diabetes or a history of heart disease, helping prevent heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, it is prescribed for heart failure, as it can help improve heart function, reduce symptoms like shortness of breath, and improve overall survival. In some cases, telmisartan is used to protect kidney function in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in those whose kidney function is impacted by high blood pressure or diabetes.
Common side effects of telmisartan include dizziness, headache, and fatigue. Serious side effects can include low blood pressure, high potassium levels (hyperkalemia), kidney problems, or an allergic reaction. In rare cases, it can cause a persistent cough or swelling (angioedema), particularly in sensitive individuals.
Telmisartan should be used cautiously in people with kidney or liver problems, as it may affect their function. It is not recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the second and third trimesters, due to the potential risk to the fetus. Patients taking telmisartan should be monitored for blood pressure, kidney function, and electrolyte levels. It can interact with other medications, such as diuretics, potassium supplements, or certain blood pressure medications, so it's important to inform the healthcare provider of all medications being taken.
An overdose of telmisartan (Micardis) can lead to serious health complications and requires immediate medical attention. The most common effects of an overdose include severe low blood pressure (hypotension), which can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, or even shock. It may also result in an increased heart rate (tachycardia) or, in some cases, a slow heart rate (bradycardia). Additionally, an overdose can impair kidney function, potentially leading to kidney failure, and cause elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia), which can result in symptoms such as muscle weakness, irregular heart rhythms, or paralysis. Dizziness, fatigue, or weakness may also occur due to the drop in blood pressure. If an overdose is suspected, it is crucial to seek emergency medical care immediately, where treatment may involve stabilizing blood pressure, providing intravenous fluids, and closely monitoring kidney function and potassium levels.